INVESTIGATIVE METHODS IN DISMANTLING ORGANISED CRIMINAL GROUPS:

CURRENT TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Abstract

This study analyses contemporary investigative methods used in dismantling organised
criminal groups (OCGs), with a particular focus on the context of the Republic of Moldova
and current technological transformations. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach,
integrating doctrinal-normative analysis; a strategic-operational study of international
reports (SOCTA, EMPACT, INTERPOL, UNODC); an examination of finalised judicial
cases and case files from the Republic of Moldova; and semi-structured interviews with law
enforcement practitioners. The study identifies major trends in modern organised crime,
including the adoption of crime-as-a-service (CaaS) models, the use of encrypted
communication infrastructure, the industrialisation of fraud through scam centres, and the
diversification of financial flows through cryptocurrencies. The findings demonstrate that
the effectiveness of special investigative methods (SIM), corroborated with advanced
financial investigation, social network analysis (SNA), and international cooperation
through joint investigation teams (JIT), is a determining factor in neutralising the operational
capacity of organised criminal groups. The article presents concrete case studies from the
Republic of Moldova, including: (1) international drug trafficking networks using a
Moldovan company as cover, and (2) money laundering operations through shell companies
and cryptocurrencies. Analysis of these cases reveals methodological particularities
applicable in the Moldovan context and offers practical recommendations for improving
investigative effectiveness.