SPORTS - THERAPEUTIC TOOL IN NEUROPSYCHIC REHABILITATION FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

Abstract

Therapeutic sport represents a multidimensional intervention strategy for individuals with disabilities, generating measurable benefits across neuropsychological, motor, cognitive, and emotional domains.
This review examines current evidence on sport-based therapeutic programs, with a specific focus on
individuals with Down syndrome, who frequently present hypotonia, motor coordination difficulties,
reduced cognitive processing speed, and heightened vulnerability to sedentary behaviours. Adapted
physical activities — ranging from structured exercise programs to coordination training, balance
tasks, and motor play — promote neuroplasticity, functional autonomy, and psychosocial adaptation.
Additionally, recent studies highlight the contribution of digital tools, including ICT-based feedback,
virtual reality, and interactive platforms, which enhance engagement and support individualized
progression. Findings from the reviewed literature indicate that sport-centred interventions improve
gross and fine motor skills, emotional regulation, social participation, and overall quality of life in
individuals with Down syndrome. Improvements are consistently associated with better executive
functioning, increased physical fitness, and reduced anxiety or withdrawal behaviours. Beyond
therapeutic outcomes, sport emerges as a facilitator of inclusion, offering meaningful opportunities for participation in community life. Overall, the review underscores the essential role of structured and personalised physical activity in neuropsychological rehabilitation, supporting the need for broader implementation of adapted sport programs in clinical, educational, and community settings.