Analele Universității "Dunărea de Jos" din Galați. Fascicula XXIV, Lexic comun / lexic specializat

Cuprins

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Cuprins

EUROPEAN ALIGNMENT AND NATIVE TERMINOLOGICAL CONFUSION

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The study is intended to be a review of some important phases in the process of modernization of the Romanian literary language. This process is analysed in terms of linguistic policies determined through inheritance and cultural aspirations as well as through its integration into a European geopolitical area: the separation from the influence of cultural slavonism, the distancing from the influence of unassimilated elements of German origin, the orientation towards loans of French origin, and the recently emerged tendency towards rejection of anglicisms, as a resistance phenomenon to globalization. In this context, the study includes critical observations on the term inventory (about 3700 terms!) inserted in the 2010 edition of the “Code of Occupations in Romania”, reviewed according to the
European Council’s recommendations (1995, 2010), but with major gaps and lacks in the system of denominative agent names in Romanian, starting with the confusion between the concepts of “profession” and “function”.

The AVATARS OF THE SPECIALIZED TERMS IN THE PUBLIC DISCOURSE

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Starting from the theme of the conference, our article focuses on two major aspects concerning the reception of the scientific terminologies in public discourse:
a) the penetration of the medical-pharmaceutical terminology into the current speech or the so-called ”contact texts” and b) as regards various other terminologies, the process of metaphorization, one that semantically enriches the technical lexicon, a situation in which the intention of "figurative" expression dominates.

FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE STYLES:

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In order to evaluate the use of neologisms, especially anglicisms from the contemporary Romanian language, our purpose is to imagine types of discourses or texts with the above-mentioned loans. We propose an analysis grid, designed with the caption ‘pragmatic-discursive space’ (PDS) to take into account ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ guidelines in the process of communication. The markers for these
guidelines are ‘spaces’ and ‘registers’ within communicative interaction, namely the data that point to linguistic competence and skills relating to variation in expression. On this foundation, the discussion gets focused on enunciation and reception issues from two topical technolects: business jargon (the so-called ‘managerese’) and legislative jargon (the so-called ‘legalese’). Communicative performance is determined by a ratio between specialist terminology and terms understood and taken over by common-language speakers, the latter providing neological functionality in a diachronic perspective.

The SEMANTIC DISTORTION OF THE NEOLOGISM AND OF THE CULTIVATED PROVERB IN THE CURRENT PUBLIC DISCOURSE

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Based on the distinction common lexicon/specialized lexicon and on the Coserian concept of "functional language", the present research proposes study grids by means of which we can follow, at the level of the linguistics of "speech", the motivation and the dynamics of semantic changes taking place in the public
discourse, especially in the publishing and advertising text. The process of semantic "distortion" involves analysing the way a language, especially the Romanian one, operates at different levels where the transfer takes place according to the idiomatic and even expressive competence of the speakers who assimilate terms and phrases mimetically. Semantic redesign and phonetic remodelling occur when the
specialized lexicon from the legal and administrative or scientific domains penetrate the private discourse, or when terms and expressions from the usual erudite conversation are present in functional languages such as the language of advertising aimed at persuading a broad target audience.

NEW LANGUAGES? BUSINESS LANGUAGE, LEGAL LANGUAGE, THE LANGUAGE OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

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The author analyzes the emergence and functioning, in public discourse, of functional languages, such as those belonging to the financial transactions, the legal-administrative field or the media. On the other hand, we debate on the action of the so-called "cryptic" function of "exogenous" communication in medical
language. At this level, the effects of this function interfere with the euphemistic tendency of speech.

The PRAGMA-DISCURSIVE SPACE (PSD) OF THE ROMANIAN MEDICAL HEALTHCARE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PUBLICATIONS

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This study was preceded by a series of articles (Dumistrăcel 2000 and Dumistrăcel 2006 c) in which, starting from the perspective of functional styles and languages, we analysed the establishment and functioning of differences in the use of social-cultural impact terms. In our current approach, the functioning of
"terminological levels", with reference to the diastratic and diaphasic variation of language, is examined after the resumption, in the first part (Premise), of the main findings that led us to formulate the concept in question.

The SUBJECT UNDER DISCUSSION WITH REGARD TO THE EVOLUTION OF LITERARY LANGUAGE

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The present article is a sequel to the authors' investigation on the topic, approaching the following issues: a) the auctorial diastratic and diaphasic competence regarding the operation of the Romanian medico-pharmaceutical terminology in the former half of the 20th century and today; b) the assessment of the medico-pharmaceutical terminology from the perspective of the history of the literary language; c) the extreme neologisation of the medico-pharmaceutical terminology and the irreconcilable gap between the endogeneous discourse and the landmarks for a solution of communicational balance; d) perspectives and potential applications of the concept of “pragma-discursive space” in discourse analysis in other communicational fields.

ENCRYPTION AND TRANSPARENCY IN THE MEDICO-PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY AND THE ISSUE OF LANGUAGE BARRIERS

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The study addresses MPT (the medico-pharmaceutical terminology), a lexical domain of the Romanian literary language, as a specialized communication tool whose investigation starts from selected speeches present in specialized texts, from the viewpoint of the linguistic elements of the text, and aims at referring to the two levels by means of pragmalinguistics: the endogenous, intradisciplinary and
interdisciplinary discourse, and the exogenous discourse, which relies on the relationship between pharmacists/doctors and patients. By redefining the issue of "language barriers" and by taking into account the existence and identification of terminological levels, one may notice that there is a particularly pronounced dynamic of the medico-pharmaceutical terminology; the analysed situations and
examples illustrate the pragmatic positioning between encryption (parallel to the reality of the so-called "cryptic" function) and transparency, the latter often having a spectacular effect (with a purely commercial feedback). It can be noticed that, nowadays, in the medico-pharmaceutical field, by means of the legislation and of a practical approach, there is a significant gap between specialised terminology and
the common use of terms, a gap whose study may contribute to an optimized communication.

VASILE VOICULESCU:

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Starting from two texts by Voiculescu, the paper proposes an analysis of the pragma-discursive spaces in which the writer uses the medico-pharmaceutical terminology referring to two hypostases: a) a specialist doctor who addresses a wide audience; b) the Christian moralist writer who approaches a theme of social
medicine in a SF style, addressing an erudite audience. The corpus of texts to be analysed is selected from the book " Toate leacurile la îndemână” (All the Cures at Hand") (1935), for the first hypostasis, and from the allegory-pamphlet “Lobocoagularea prefrontală” (“The Prefrontal Lobe Coagulation") (1948), for the second hypostasis.

PRAGMA-DISCURSIVE SPACES OF IDIOM GENERATION: CARAGIALE’ S PERSPECTIVE

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In an article published in 1893, in the form of a report presenting an imaginary “Romanian Co-operation Congress" (Congresul cooperativ rom‚n), I. L. Caragiale discovers, in an empirical way, the influence of different socioprofessional backgrounds on the semantic (figurative) evolution of a number of words belonging to the general lexicon. The writer creates some thematic micro anthologies of Romanian idiomatic constructions which are derived by means of metaphorization, starting from technical constructions of different professions from the Romanian urban environment (merchants of various categories, tailors, bakers etc.). The study aims at investigating the strategies of the playwright in order to include the respective semantic and stylistic phenomena in the oratorical interventions of the so-called participants in the congress. With a special linguistic intuition, I. L. Caragiale illustrates a principle of sociolinguistics formulated by Fernao de Oliveira in the following themes: “Cada um falo como quem é” and “Os homens falam do que fazem” (Gramatica da Lingoagem Portuguesa, 1536).