Influence of Secondary Refining Treatments on the Quality of HighGrade Steel Used in Oil and Gas Industry
Abstract
Steel is the most important alloy used in oil and gas industry from production and processing to the distribution of refined products. In this research is analyzed the production technology of steel intended for long pipeline used in conveying gas and oil in the natural gas and oil industries. Data from 14 melts were analyzed. The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is used for steelmaking. The secondary refining processes were conducted at the ladle furnace station by forming an active ladle slag and using the mixing of bath with argon. Steel degassing is conducted in RH vacuum degassing equipment. The variation of chemical composition, especially the content of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, was analyzed according to parameters of industrial technology.
Downloads
References
[2]. ***, Catalogue of international standards used in the petroleum and natural gas industries, Report no. 362 February 2012.
[3]. R. J. Fruehan, The making, shaping and treating of steel, 11th edition, volume 1 -- steelmaking and refining, September 15, 1998, ISBN-10: 0930767020.
[4]. G. J. W. Kor, P. C. Glaws, Steelmaking and refining volume, chapter 11 ladle refining and vacuum degassing, The AISE Steel Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, p. 681-713, 1998.
[5]. I. D. Buga, A. I. Trotsan, B. F. Belov, O. V. Nosochenko, I. V. Parenchuk, Analysis of refining processes in steel ladle treatment, Metallurgical and Mining Industry, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 180-185, 2010.
[6]. Wen Yang, Xinhua Wang, Lifeng Zhang, Qinglin Shan, Xuefeng Liu, Cleanliness of low carbon aluminum-killed steels during secondary refining processes, Steel Research International, vol. 84, issue 5, p. 473-489, 2013.
[7]. ***, API 5L X52 5L X56 5L X60 5L X65 5L X70, The "universal" steel quality for structural and linepipe applications, http://www.api5lx.com/.
[8]. Z. Wcisło, A. Michaliszyn, A. Baka, Role of slag in the steel refining process in the ladle, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, vol. 55, issue 2, p. 390-395, 2012.
[9]. A. Radenović, J. Malina, T. Sofilić, Characterization of ladle furnace slag from carbon steel production as a potential adsorbent, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2013, p. 1-6, 2013.
[10]. Hui-xiang Yu, Xin-hua Wang, Mao Wang, Wan-jun Wang, Desulfurization ability of refining slag with medium basicity, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, vol. 21, issue 12, p 1160-1166, 2014.
[11]. A. Michaliszyn, Z. Wcisło, M. Rydarowicz, Production of ultra-pure steel intended for forged elements, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, vol. 55, issue 2, p. 742-747, 2012.
