Evolutionary trends in oncological pathology in Galati and the purpose of environmental factors

Abstract

According to statistical and epidemiological data, the contemporary period is dominated by an increase in malignant tumors with various locations. Several epidemiological studies, both epidemiological and clinical have indicated as the cause of cancer a combination of multiple factors. It seems that there is a tight connection between the external environmental factors, some of which are considered carcinogens, the lifestyle of each individual and endogenous factors. More than once, these factors have merged, so it becomes extremely difficult to highlight the contribution of each one of them in the process of neoplasia development. This study is a retrospective one; it includes 8972 patients diagnosed with different kinds of neoplasia in the ambulatory specialty clinic at the Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati between 2013 and 2019. Associated to this study there is an in-depth analysis of the current literature which was done from the following perspective: incidence, epidemiology and etiology of cancer at a global level. During the analyzed period, we observed a slight increase in the incidence of cases with cancer located in the prostate area, the breast and colorectal. Malignant tumors of the breast registered the highest rate of incidence in 5 of the 7 years included in the study. In 2014 and 2018, the most frequent diagnosis was colorectal cancer. Although breast cancer was in the top of the incidence rates both in the first and the last years of the study, we noticed an increase in the number of cases in 2019 – 247, in comparison with 225 registered in 2013. As for the sex distribution, incidence was higher for the male patients. As a significant part of pathology, malignant tumors with various locations are an essential problem of public health, with a major impact on the population. Studying the environmental factors identified as being significantly responsible in the development of neoplasia, could allow categorizing the individuals exposed to pollution into risk groups.