Analysis of the particulate matter long term emissions in Romania by sectors of activities

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere is highly relevant due to its far-reaching implications. These tiny solid or liquid particles affect human health, causing respiratory and cardiovascular issues, and even premature death. PM also plays a role in climate change, as some particles contribute to warming, while others have cooling effects, impacting Earth's energy balance. Additionally, PM influences visibility, transportation safety, and ecosystems by depositing on land and water surfaces, altering soil and water quality. Recognizing and monitoring the emissions and sources of PMs by 4 subclasses, from PM2.5 to PM10, but also as TSP (total suspended particles) and individually as BC – black carbon is vital for effective air quality management and mitigating its multifaceted impacts on our environment and well-being. This paper presents an analysis of PMs emissions divided into the 4 classes presented above, for Romania, between 1990-2021, as given by the national report made according to the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive (NECD), which aims to reduce emissions of the main air pollutants. The emission data are presented by national emission sectors, from different industries to different transport types, and also from agricultural activities, and waste management. Relevant averages and trends are quantified and analysed as a reference for real-time data at city level, such that to assess the local pollution level and data accuracy as compared to the national reports.