Use of Alternative Fuels in Road Transport and its Environmental Effects. A Literature Review
Keywords:
diesel engine, vegetable oils, biodiesel, emission
Abstract
This paper presents a literature review on use of alternative fuels in road transport, in respect of their performance and emission in diesel engines/vehicles. The major limitations of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engines are their high viscosity and poor volatility, which lead to severe engine deposits, injector coking, and piston ring sticking. Transesterification reaction reduces the viscosity of vegetable oils, and the result of this reaction is biodiesel. In general, engine power dropped due to the lower heating value of biodiesel. A proper injection timing, by advancing the start of fuel injection by 1-2°BTDC, determined that all changes in engine emission are according to chemical and physical properties of the tested fuels.
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References
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[23]. EN 14214:2003 (E), Automotive Fuels - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters for Diesel Engines - Requirements and Test Methods.
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[2]. Vonortas A., Papayannakos N., Comparative analysis of biodiesel versus green diesel, WIREs Energy Environ 2014, doi: 10.1002/wene.78.
[3]. Hurtig O. et al., Alternative fuels from forest residues for passenger cars - an assessment under German framework conditions, Energy, Sustainability and Society, 4:12, A Springer Open Journal, 2014.
[4]. Alfieri E., Emissions-Controlled Diesel Engine, Doctoral thesis, Diss. ETH No. 18214, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 2009.
[5]. Lin C.-Y., Wang K.-H., Effects of a Combustion Improver on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics When Using Three-Phase Emulsions as an Alternative Fuel, Energy Fuels, 18 (2), p 477-484, 2004.
[6]. Lin Y.-C. et al., Approach for Energy Saving and Pollution Reducing by Fueling Diesel Engines with Emulsified Biosolution/ Biodiesel/Diesel Blends, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42 (10), p 3849-3855, 2008.
[7]. Nanaki E. A., Koroneos C. J., Comparative LCA of the use of biodiesel, diesel and gasoline for transportation, 1 st International
Exergy, Life Cycle Assessment, and Sustainability Workshop & Symposium (ELCAS), Nisyros-Greece, 4-6 June, 2009.
[8]. Directive 2009/28/EC, On the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. 2009.04.23, Official Journal of the European Union, 5.6.2009; L 140.
[9]. Cherubini F., Jungmeier G., LCA of a biorefinery concept producing bioethanol, bioenergy, and chemicals from switchgrass, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15, p. 53-66, 2010.
[10]. Hamelinck C. N., Outlook for advanced biofuels, Universiteit Utrecht, Nederlands, 2004.
[11]. Nigam P. S, Singh A., Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2010, In press.
[12]. Canakci M., Van Gerpen J., Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids, Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 44(6), p. 1429-1436.
[13]. Breton J. et al., Renewable energy sources and technologies on farm systems, focusing on Danish scenario, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark, 58, p. 13, 2004.
[14]. Ma F., Hanna M. A. Biodiesel production: a review, Journal Series #12109, Elsevier Science B.V., 4, p. 3, 1999.
[15]. Hossain A. B. M. S., Boyce A. N., Biodiesel production from waste sunflower cooking oil as an environmental recycling process and renewable energy, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 15 (No 4), p. 312-317, 2009.
[16]. Blin J. et al., Characteristics of vegetable oils for use as fuel in stationary diesel engines - towards specifications for a standard in West Africa, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, p. 580-597, 2013.
[17]. Kurki A., Hill A., Morris M., Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, A Publication of ATTRA, NCAT, 2006.
[18]. Moise D. C., Scarpete D., Emissions from a railway engine fueled with rapeseed oil, XVI International Scientific and Technical Conference – trans & MOTAUTO’09, Sunny Beach, Bulgaria, 2009.
[19]. Schmidt L., Biodiesel vehicle fuel: GHG reductions, air emissions, supply and economic overview, Discussion paper C3-015, Climate Change Central, 2004.
[20]. Arbab M. I. et al., Fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristic of common biodiesels as a renewable and sustainable source of fuel, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, p. 133-147, 2013.
[21]. Van Gerpen J. et al., Biodiesel Production Technology. NREL/SR-510-36244, Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337, 2004.
[22]. ASTM D 6751 – 02, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B 100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels.
[23]. EN 14214:2003 (E), Automotive Fuels - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters for Diesel Engines - Requirements and Test Methods.
[24]. Ozsezen A. N., Canakci M., Determination of performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with canola and waste palm oil methyl esters, Energy Conversion and Management, 52, p. 108-116, 2011.
[25]. Ozata I. et al., Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Sustainable Transport Fuel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Rapeseed. January 2009.
[26]. Xue J., Grift T. E., Hansen A. C., Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, p. 1098-1116, 2011.
[27]. Anderson L. G., Effects of Biodiesel Fuels Use on Vehicle Emissions, Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, 3, p. 35-47, 2012.
[28]. Canakci M., Van Gerpen J., Comparison of engine performance and emissions for petroleum diesel fuel, yellowgrease biodiesel and soybean-oil biodiesel, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 46, p. 937-944, 2003.
[29]. Van Gerpen J. H., Cetane Number Testing of Biodiesel.
[30]. Yoon S. H., Park S. H., Lee C. S., Experimental Investigation on the Fuel Properties of Biodiesel and Its Blends at Various Temperatures, Energy & Fuels, 22, p. 652-656, 2008.
Published
2015-03-15
How to Cite
1.
SCARPETE D, MUNTENIȚĂ C, BUNEA M. Use of Alternative Fuels in Road Transport and its Environmental Effects. A Literature Review. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science [Internet]. 15Mar.2015 [cited 1Dec.2024];38(1):34-0. Available from: https://gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/mms/article/view/1369
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