A Current Minireview on the Aquatic Environment: Impact of Some Ions from the Food and Metallurgical Industries
Keywords:
aquatic environment, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, sulphur oxides
Abstract
Recent research has shown the high degree of pollution that the metallurgical and food industries can cause to the environment. In this minireview, the impact that various polluting ions, emitted as a result of technological processes specific to the metallurgical and food industries, can have on the aquatic environment was analysed. Our research also provides an assessment of the potential interactions and the most likely transformations of these chemical forms once they are released into the aquatic environment, as well as the likely impact on the ecosystem.
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References
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[2]. Zolotova E., et al., Monitoring of Air Pollution from the Iron and Steel Industry: A Global Bibliometric Review, Atmosphere, vol. 16(8), p. 992, 2025.
[3]. Ritchie H., et al., Environmental Impacts of Food Production, https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food, accessed: Oct. 10, 2025.
[4]. Liu L., et al., Exploring global changes in agricultural ammonia emissions and their contribution to nitrogen deposition since 1980, PNAS, vol. 119(14), p. 1-9, 2022.
[5]. Harrison D. M., et al., Review of the Aquatic Environmental Transformations of Engineered, Nanomaterials, vol. 13(14), p. 2098, 2023.
[6]. Bhander G., Jozewicz W., Analysis of emission reduction strategies for power boilers in the US pulp and paper industry, Energy Emiss Control Technol, vol. 5, p. 27-37, 2017.
[7]. Zhang C., et al., An Approach to CO2 Emission Reduction in the Iron and Steel Industry: Research Status and Development Trends of Integrated Absorption-Mineralization Technologies, Sustainability, vol. 17(2), p. 702, 2025.
[8]. Wang D., et al., Global Iron and Steel Plant CO2 Emissions and Carbon-Neutrality Pathways, Nature, vol. 622, p. 514-520, 2023.
[9]. Șolea L. C., Crețu R., Oxidation and Flammability Tests for Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil, Lubricants, vol. 12(8), p. 26, 2024.
[10]. Tao C., et al., Review of Emission Characteristics and Purification Methods of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Cooking Oil Fume, Processes, vol. 11(3), p. 705, 2023.
[11]. Ren Z. P., et al., NOx and SO2 formation in the sintering process and influence of sintering material composition on NOx emissions, Huan Jing Ke Xue, vol. 35(10), p. 3669-3673, 2014.
[12]. Florea T., Creţu R., Tehnologie Chimică Generală. Aplicaţii de Calcul şi Lucrări Practice, Editura Academica, Galaţi, ISBN 973–8316–81–2, p. 311, 2005.
[13]. Pagans E., et al., Ammonia Emissions from the Composting of Different Organic Wastes, Dependency on Process Temperature, Chemosphere, vol. 62(9), p. 1534-1542, 2006.
[14]. Hussain A., et al., Mitigation of ammonia emissions during food waste composting through acetic acid addition: A promising strategy for sustainable waste management, Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, vol. 36, p. 101324, 2023.
[15]. Edwards T. M., et al., Ammonia and aquatic ecosystems – A review of global sources, biogeochemical cycling, and effects on fish, Science of the Total Environment, vol. 907, p. 167911, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167911.
[16]. Wurts A. W., Daily pH Cycle and Ammonia Toxicity, World Aquaculture, vol. 34, p. 20-21, 2023.
[17]. Coggon M. M., et al., Contribution of cooking emissions to the urban volatile organic compounds in Las Vegas, NV, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol. 24, p. 4289-4304, 2024.
[18]. Mahowald N., et al., Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources, concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 22(4), 2008.
[19]. Kamel R. M., et al., Efficient toxic nitrite monitoring and removal from aqueous media with ligand based conjugate materials, Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 285, p. 20-26, 2019.
[20]. Stamper M. A., Semmen K. J., Chapter 23 - Basic Water Quality Evaluation for Zoo Veterinarians, Editor(s): R. Eric Miller, Murray Fowler, Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, W.B. Saunders, p. 177-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-1986-4.00023-8), accessed: Oct. 10, 2025.
[21]. Skold A., et al., Methemoglobinemia: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management, Southern Medical Journal, vol. 104 (11), p. 757-761, 2011.
[22]. Manassaram D. M., et al., A review of nitrates in drinking water: maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 114 (3), p. 320-327, 2026.
[23]. Gutiérrez X. A., et al., Effects of chronic sub‐lethal nitrite exposure at high water chloride concentration on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758) parr, Aquaculture Research, vol. 50 (2), p. 2687-2697, 2019.
[24]. Kir M., Sunar M. C., Acute Toxicity of Ammonia and Nitrite to Sea Bream, Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758), in Relation to Salinity, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, vol. 49(3), p. 516-522, 2018.
[25]. Cébron A., Garnier J., Nitrobacter and Nitrospira genera as representatives of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria: Detection, quantification and growth along the lower Seine River (France), Water research, vol. 39 (20), p. 4979-4992, 2006.
[26]. Eck M., et al., Exploring Bacterial Communities in Aquaponic Systems, Water, vol. 11(2), p. 260, 2019.
[27]. Rurangwa E., Verdegem M. C. J., Microorganisms in recirculating aquaculture systems and their management, Rev. Aquac, vol. 7, p. 117-130, 2015.
[28]. Itoi S., et al., Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, Nitrospira, distribution in the outer layer of the biofilm from filter materials of a recirculating water system for the goldfish Carassius auratus, Aquaculture, vol. 264 (1-4), p. 297-308, 2007.
[29]. Williams K. A., et al., Studies on the acute toxicity of pollutants to freshwater macroinvertebrates. Ammonia, Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, vol. 106(1), p. 61-70, 1986.
[30]. Borgmann U., Chronic toxicity of ammonia to the amphipod Hyalella azteca, importance of ammonium ion and water hardness, Environ Pollution, vol. 86(3), p. 329-335, 1994.
[31]. Kater B. J., et al., Ammonium toxicity at high pH in a marine bioassay using Corophium volutator, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, vol. 51(3), p. 347-351, 2006.
[32]. Xu Z., et al., Total Nitrogen Concentrations in Surface Water of Typical Agro- and Forest Ecosystems in China, 2004-2009, PLoS ONE, vol. 9(3), 2014.
[33]. Peng H., et al., Study on Total Control of Total Nitrogen in the Laizhou Bay, Water, vol. 13(17), p. 2439, 2021.
[34]. Aipova R., et al., Assessment of biotechnological potential of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from soils of Southern Kazakhstan, Natural Science, vol. 2(8), p. 841-845, 2010.
[35]. Malhotra H., et al., Phosphorus Nutrition: Plant Growth in Response to Deficiency and Excess, Plant Nutrients and Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Springer Nature Singapore, p. 171-190, 2018.
[36]. Holt R. F., et al., Accumulation of phosphates in water, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 18(5), p. 781-784, 1970.
[37]. Nieder R., et al., Reactive Water-Soluble Forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Their Impacts on Environment and Human Health, Soil Components and Human Health, p. 223-255, 2018.
[38]. Badamasi H., et al., Impacts of Phosphates on Water Quality and Aquatic Life, Chemistry Research Journal, vol. 4(3), p. 124-133, 2019.
[39]. Kim E., et al., Aquatic Toxicity Assessment of Phosphate Compounds, Environmental Health and Toxicology, vol.28, 2013.
[40]. Barnea M., Papadopol C., Poluarea și protecția mediului, Editura Știintifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1975.
[41]. Davies T. D., Sulphate toxicity to the aquatic moss, Fontinalis antipyretica, Chemosphere, vol. 66(3), p. 444-451, 2007.
[42]. Moreno-Casas P. A., et al., Environmental Impact and Toxicology of Sulphate, Enviromine, 2009.
[43]. Wu D., et al., Review of Chloride Ion Detection Technology in Water, Applied. Sciences, vol. 11(23), p. 11137, 2021.
[44]. Szklarek S., et al., The effects of road salt on freshwater ecosystems and solutions for mitigating chloride pollution—A review, Sci. Total Environ, vol. 805, 2022.
[45]. Enyoh E. C., et al., pH Variations and Chemometric Assessment of Borehole Water in Orji, Owerri Imo State, Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, vol. 5(2), p. 2380-2391, 2019.
[46]. Wojnárovits L., et al., Wastewater Characterization: Chemical Oxygen Demand or Total Organic Carbon Content Measurement?, Molecules, vol. 29(2), p. 405, 2024.
Published
2025-12-15
How to Cite
1.
CREȚU R, ȘOLEA LC, ȚIGĂU N. A Current Minireview on the Aquatic Environment: Impact of Some Ions from the Food and Metallurgical Industries. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science [Internet]. 15Dec.2025 [cited 19Dec.2025];48(4):88-6. Available from: https://gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/mms/article/view/9538
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