How Immigration is Managed in Western Europe. Between Harsh Models and Ethical Dilemmas. The Case of Albania as A sending and Receiving Country for Immigrants

Abstract

The reports of international institutions rank Albania among the Western Balkan countries with high emigration, especially in countries such as Germany, Great Britain, Italy, etc. These countries are applying different management models to deal with immigration. Thus, alongside the framework of Germany's integration policies, such as the recently adopted Immigration Law, countries such as Great Britain have chosen models to reduce the effects of this phenomenon. Meanwhile, Italy is trying to offer another model of immigration management, reaching an agreement with Albania. This step turns Albania from a country that produces immigration to a country that will receive thousands of immigrants. This agreement is the first between an EU member and non-member state, such as Albania. The goal is to create a model where the addition of reception camps for immigrants outside the borders of the EU will facilitate the management of this phenomenon. This paper specifically aims to bring and analyze the German, British, and Italian, as approaches that have given different results regarding the integration or exclusion of immigrants from their societies. In this paper, the hypothesis is that mismanagement and neglect of compliance with laws and ethical principles harm the integration of immigrants into Western societies. The paper will explore how the success or failure of the reforms undertaken relates to immigration trends. Part of this paper will be the impact of the historical, social, and cultural factors We will use the qualitative method, comparing the historical, social, and cultural factors, and the quantitative method, measuring the support or not of public opinion in Albania, mainly of well-educated young people. Which of the models can be considered closer to the principles of international law how visionary are these policies of the host countries? Will the case of Albania be the best example of the awareness of Europeans that the EU cannot manage the waves of immigration alone and change the legal framework of the EU function of new approaches? We will be able to answer these questions by taking a historical and current look at the waves of Albanian immigration and the challenges of integration into the societies of Western countries.