Development of a Real-Time Eye Blink Monitoring System Using an IR Sensor and Arduino Microcontroller
Keywords:
blink detection, Arduino, infrared sensor, driver fatigue, assistive technology, microcontroller, real-time monitoring
Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent eye blink monitoring system aimed at detecting drowsiness in drivers with disabilities. The system integrates an infrared sensor connected to an Arduino Pro Mini microcontroller to detect blink frequency. When abnormal blink patterns associated with fatigue are detected, an audible alert is triggered, enhancing road safety.
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References
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[10]. Patel A., Sharma R., Evaluation of Driver Fatigue Detection using IR Sensors, Transportation Research Part F, vol. 78, p. 10-19, 2021.
[11]. Chen L., Wang Y., Eye Blink Detection Using Deep Learning for Driver Monitoring, Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 151, p. 45-52, 2022.
[12]. Gupta R., Verma S. K., Threshold Filtering Algorithm for Blink Detection, Sensors and Actuators A, vol. 302, p. 111798, 2022.
[13]. Lee J., Han D., Real-Time Alert System for Drowsy Drivers, Automation in Vehicles Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 41-46, 2023.
[14]. Kumar V., Thomas A., Embedded Systems for Driver State Monitoring, Embedded Systems Letters, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 25-29, 2020.
[15]. Zhang Y., Li H., Improved IR Blink Detection with Debounce Logic, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 5432-5438, 2022.
[16]. Chen M., Wang P., Smart Glasses for Real-Time Eye Monitoring, Journal of Wearable Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 59-65, 2024.
[17]. Raman S., Kaur R., Comparative Study of Optical Blink Sensors, IEEE Access, vol. 11, p. 32056-32065, 2023.
[18]. Rossi D., Bianchi F., Low-Latency Blink Detection in Automotive Safety, Int. Journal of Automotive Technology, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 41-47, 2022.
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[2]. Banu S. A., Ali M., Car Accident Prevention and Detection using Eyeblink Sensor and Accelerometer with Arduino, Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res. Tech., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 112-116, 2018.
[3]. ***, Sleep Alarm Detect for Drivers Using Eye Blink Sensor, Fifth Dimension Research Publication, Int. J. Adv. Eng. Technol., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 33-36, 2023.
[4]. Tresanchez M., Moreno J., Palacin J., Optical Mouse Sensor for Eye Blink Detection and Pupil Tracking, Journal of Sensors, vol. 2019, Article ID 2392651, 5 pages, 2019.
[5]. ***, Arduino Based Driver Drowsiness Alert System, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2024.
[6]. Muiz B., Faheem M., IoT-enabled Drowsiness Driver Safety Alert System with Real-Time Monitoring, Int. J. Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 88-94, 2025.
[7]. Sampei K., Nakagawa H., Mental Fatigue Monitoring Using Wearable Transparent Eye Detection System, Micromachines, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 89-96, 2016.
[8]. Lamonaca F., et al., Reliable Pulse Rate Evaluation by Smartphone, IEEE Symp. Med. Meas. Appl. Proc. MeMeA., p. 234-237, 2012.
[9]. Nguyen T., Le Q., Real-Time Blink Monitoring System for Vehicle Safety, IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 715-722, 2023.
[10]. Patel A., Sharma R., Evaluation of Driver Fatigue Detection using IR Sensors, Transportation Research Part F, vol. 78, p. 10-19, 2021.
[11]. Chen L., Wang Y., Eye Blink Detection Using Deep Learning for Driver Monitoring, Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 151, p. 45-52, 2022.
[12]. Gupta R., Verma S. K., Threshold Filtering Algorithm for Blink Detection, Sensors and Actuators A, vol. 302, p. 111798, 2022.
[13]. Lee J., Han D., Real-Time Alert System for Drowsy Drivers, Automation in Vehicles Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 41-46, 2023.
[14]. Kumar V., Thomas A., Embedded Systems for Driver State Monitoring, Embedded Systems Letters, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 25-29, 2020.
[15]. Zhang Y., Li H., Improved IR Blink Detection with Debounce Logic, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 5432-5438, 2022.
[16]. Chen M., Wang P., Smart Glasses for Real-Time Eye Monitoring, Journal of Wearable Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 59-65, 2024.
[17]. Raman S., Kaur R., Comparative Study of Optical Blink Sensors, IEEE Access, vol. 11, p. 32056-32065, 2023.
[18]. Rossi D., Bianchi F., Low-Latency Blink Detection in Automotive Safety, Int. Journal of Automotive Technology, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 41-47, 2022.
[19]. ***, https://www.electrical4u.com/npn-transistor/.
[20]. ***, https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/directcurrent/chpt-2/resistors/.
Published
2025-06-15
How to Cite
1.
MARIN M, NEGOIAŞ M, MARIN FB. Development of a Real-Time Eye Blink Monitoring System Using an IR Sensor and Arduino Microcontroller. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science [Internet]. 15Jun.2025 [cited 2Oct.2025];48(2):49-5. Available from: https://gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/mms/article/view/9239
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